Wednesday, October 10, 2012

Final: Local values vs. Global values

According to Smith, Owens & Baylis (2011, p.8), “Globalisation is mostly simply (or simplistically!) defined as a the process of interconnectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world increasingly have effects on peoples and societies far away”. 
In other words it brings two parts of the world closer together. 
For example, a lot of local food is eaten by many people globally but the style and the special meaning of the food is sometimes ignored by global people.

This blog will discuss about how local values are changed by globalisation, how local food is spread worldwide and the blog will deal with the positive effects of globalisation.

Firstly, this paragraph will discuss how local values are changed by globalisation.
 According to Moore (2012), Cultural flow is an important part of globalisation such as performance, fashion and food. 
 Today, a lot of special countries cuisines are eaten globally such as Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Thai, Vietnamese, Korean, Italian, Greek, German, Turkish, French and more.
 Many of those restaurants are owned by those nations such as Chinese restaurants in Australia are usually owned by people with a Chinese background. 
However, some local food is well spread and is not provided by that nation any more. 
For example, the Sushi roll is a popular snack anywhere in the world today and many sushi restaurants or takeaway shops are not owned by Japanese. 

According to Shimemura (2002,p.85), one of the processes of globalisation is not being conservative but being flexible with local culture and customs such as the McDonald's philosophy.
 It means local and original things need to change when it is spread globally.
The original menus are depending on the local culture and religions; for example, there are many kinds of chicken burgers and vegetarian burgers provided at McDonald’s in India , Lamb burgers in Australia  and Teriyaki sauce burgers in Japan
McDonald’s are changing their products and their business is succeeding globally. 
However, on the other hand, many local and traditional cultures are destroyed by the process of globalisation. 
The Japanese sushi roll is eaten as an easy and health snack in Australia today. 
The eating style of sushi in Australia is different from the Japanese traditional style. 
Traditionally, Japanese people eat sushi for special occasions such as ceremonies and anniversaries. Therefore, sushi is one of the most luxury and expensive food in Japan. 
No doubt, there are many cheap sushi restaurants today and it is becoming an ordinary food; however, sushi is a still symbol of high status food (Nagao & Okubo 2000). 
For example it is quite common that there are no prices for the sushi in some sushi restaurants because they charge the daily market price. It takes ten years in Japan to become a qualified sushi chef.
 In short, Japanese traditional high status sushi became a fast food in Australia. 
This is because a lot of Japanese restaurants that provide Sushi are owned by non-Japanese owners and owners of sushi restaurants need to conform to each country’s culture and life style (Suzuki 1990).

As a result, many local cultures are changing in the process of globalisation such as the traditional American hamburger became changed the style in different countries and the value of sushi has changed to an convenient, quick and easy takeaway style through the process of globalisation.

Secondly, this paragraph will discuss about how local cultures are spread worldwide. 
Local cultures are transported worldwide both physically and virtually. 
After transportation was improved and provided in many countries, people were able to travel worldwide. Therefore, people could physically experience different cultures easily today.
 However, individual travelling experiences are limited; therefore, it is not a main means of spreading local culture. The main way of spreading local culture is the media today. 
Television programs broadcast travel-shows around the world and local foods and events; therefore people could know other cultures at home through the media. 
However, the mainstream media is controlled by sponsors, politics and it is physically limited; therefore, it cannot be exactly the same as the real experience (Sparks 2009).

Moreover, today people are able to connect the internet by computer or mobile terminal units and check or send any information worldwide. 
For example, if a person wants to cook local food, he could check the recipe, photographs and videos from the internet and be able to cook it even if he has never eaten the food. 
The recipe might be incorrect information because there are a lot of uncontrolled contents such as blogs.
Blogs are overlapped between private and public (Weber 2007); therefore, it possible to include incorrect information. 
Fashion or other cultural events are able to be sent by movies, books and photographs.
 However, food needs to be tasted if we try to cook the same taste as local food. 
For example, many sushi rolls are sold in Australia today.
 The sushi roll’s ingredients are different from Japanese sushi; however, many blogs show the Australian sushi roll’s recipe as traditional Japanese sushi. In other words, the media could spread culture globally; however, it is limited. 
The media helps globalisation because people have easy access; however, there is a lot of incorrect information. 
In other words, globalisation is connecting different places but if information is incorrect, the incorrect information will be spread and might affect the original local culture.

Finally, this paragraph will discuss the positive effects of globalisation. 
Those above paragraphs mentioned several negative points of globalisation. 
 However, there are several positive effects to local culture.
 When a minor local culture is introduced worldwide, this could cause opportunities to make a closer relationship between each country. 
For example, many Japanese people like travelling to Australia today, it is because of the weather, the cost and many other reasons; however, one of the reasons is the food. 
There are many Japanese restaurants and sushi shops around Australia; therefore many Japanese people do not need to worry about food problems (Satake 2010). 
The information that there is a good variety of Japanese food in Australia is reported by the media and many tourists choose to visit Australia. 
No doubt, tourists realise that a lot of Japanese restaurants do not really provide traditional Japanese taste; however, Japanese food makes tourists relaxing. 
In other words, importing Japanese food helps to improve the tourism industry. A cultural flow makes people act and it makes a big industry today.

As a result, cultural connection creates physical connection and this is globalisation.

In conclusion, local cultures are introduced by the media worldwide today. 
It makes several negative effects such as destroying the local original culture. However, connecting local cultures does not only make negative effects because it brings countries closer and mutual understanding is made easier. 
Globalisation is criticised sometimes because it could help capitalism; however, it might be possible to cause understanding each other and to create a fair world if people believe it.



 


Image: http://whatscookingamerica.net/Appetizers/CaliforniaRoll.htm
http://gawker.com/hippies/
http://store.shopping.yahoo.co.jp/sakatsu/59000010455.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RFDkNZwLiI

Reference:

Baylis,J, Smith, S & Owens 2011, the globalization of world politics An introduction to international relations fifth edition, Oxford university press, Oxford, NY

McDonald’s USA, retrieved 5 October 2012,
< http://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/home.html>

McDonald’s India, retrieved 5 October 2012,
< http://www.mcdonaldsindia.com/>

McDonald’s Japan, retrieved 5 October 2012,
< http://www.mcdonalds.co.jp/

McDonald’s Australia, retrieved 5 October 2012,
< http://mcdonalds.com.au/#/home>

Moore, C 2012, ALC215 Lecture, Deakin University, retrieved 4 October 2012, https://d2l.deakin.edu.au/d2l/lms/content/viewer/main_frame.d2l?ou=31220&tId=1594120

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Shimemura, Y 2002, ‘Globalization vs. Americanization: Is the World Being Americanized by the Dominance of American Culture’, comparative civilizations review, Vol.47, pp.80-91, retrieved 3 October 2012, < https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/CCR/article/viewFile/12818/12682>

Satake, S 2010, ‘Approach for Definitions of "Tourism"and"Kanko" -Lessons provided from consideration of their etymological approach and early usage examples in Japan’, Osaka University of Tourism, Journal of Osaka University of Tourism, Vol.10, pp. 89-98, retrieved 5 October 2012, < http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007687766/>

Sparks, G G 2009, Media effects research: A basic overview, 3 nd edn, Wadsworth Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA. (Chapter 12).

Suzuki, M 1990, ‘the globalisation and Japanese food culture’, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba forum Vol.28, pp.80-86, retrieved 5 October 2012, < http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110000389408/>

Weber, S, Weber, J 2007, ‘Technology in the everyday lives of 'tweens'’,Growing up online: young people and digital technologies 2007, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, N.Y, pp. 49-65